Zero-emissions buildings from 2028. What does it mean for construction?

The European Parliament has adopted new rules stipulating that, from 2028, all new buildings should be zero-emissions and equipped with solar technologies where feasible.

The proposal came before the Parliament in Strasbourg after negotiations by a committee of MEPs that was led by Irish Green Party MEP Ciarán Cuffe

MEPs voted 62% in favour of endorsing a revision of the Energy Performance of Building Directive, which aims to substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in the EU building sector by 2030, and make it climate-neutral by 2050.

The Directive also says member states should phase out plans for fossil fuel in buildings by 2035 and sets out tougher emissions targets for buildings undergoing major renovation.

• Emissions-reduction targets
• All new buildings should be zero-emission from 2028, with the deadline for new buildings occupied, operated or owned by public authorities in 2026.
• All new buildings should be equipped with solar technologies by 2028, where technically suitable and economically feasible, while residential buildings undergoing major renovation have until 2032.
• Residential buildings would have to achieve, at a minimum, energy performance class E by 2030, and D by 2033 – on a scale going from A to G, the latter corresponding to the 15% worst-performing buildings in the national stock of a member state. Non-residential and public buildings would have to achieve the same ratings by 2027 and 2030 respectively.
• National renovation plans should include support schemes to facilitate access to grants and funding. Member states need to put in place free-of-charge information points and cost-neutral renovation schemes. Financial measures should provide an important premium for deep renovations, especially of the worst-performing buildings, and targeted grants and subsidies should be made available to vulnerable households.
• Monuments would be excluded from the new rules, while EU countries may decide to also exclude buildings protected for their special architectural or historical merit, technical buildings, buildings used temporarily, and churches and places of worship. Member states may also exempt public social housing, where renovations would lead to rent increases that cannot be compensated by savings on energy bills.

A. Even Greater Focus on Energy Reduction in Renovation Projects:

With the emphasis on sustainability and reduced carbon footprint, there will be an increased focus on energy reduction in renovation projects. This means that when buildings undergo renovations or upgrades, there will be a greater emphasis on incorporating energy-efficient technologies and practices. This could involve replacing outdated HVAC systems with more efficient ones, improving insulation and windows, and using energy-efficient lighting and appliances. As a result, renovated buildings will not only look better but also operate more efficiently, saving both energy and money in the long run.

B. Potential Further Upgrades to Building Thermal Envelope:

The building’s thermal envelope refers to the elements of a building that separate the interior from the exterior environment, including walls, roofs, floors, windows, and doors. As energy codes become stricter and sustainability goals increase, there will be a push for further upgrades to the thermal envelope. This might involve using advanced insulation materials, high-performance windows that offer better insulation and solar control, and exploring innovative construction techniques to minimize heat transfer. Upgrading the thermal envelope enhances indoor comfort, reduces energy consumption, and contributes to the overall energy efficiency of the building.

C. Challenge of Integration of Renewable Systems into Existing Buildings:

Integrating renewable energy systems into existing buildings presents a unique challenge. Retrofitting renewable energy technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal systems into an already-built structure requires careful planning and engineering. Factors such as available space, structural integrity, and the compatibility of existing systems with renewable technologies must be considered. This integration might also require adjustments to the building’s electrical infrastructure and heating/cooling systems. Despite the challenges, successful integration can significantly offset energy consumption and contribute to a building’s sustainability profile.

D. Potential Increase in Capital Cost, However, Lower Running Costs:

While there might be a higher upfront capital cost associated with implementing energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy systems, the long-term benefits often outweigh the initial investment. Buildings with energy-efficient features and renewable energy sources tend to have lower operational costs due to reduced energy consumption. Over time, the savings on utility bills can offset the initial expense, making the building more cost-effective to run. Additionally, as energy efficiency becomes a more marketable feature, the potential for increased property value and demand can further justify the upfront investment.